Political problem in Bangladesh

Among top problem of Bangladesh political problem is one of the most critical problem.
The capital Dhaka and other parts of the country have been witnessing a series of  shutdowns and violent protests in the past few months. Violent protests and large scale destruction have claimed more than 100 lives so far across the country and the crisis shows no signs of abating.
At the center of the continuous political crisis is the 10th parliamentary election, but a larger issue is at hand: the fight between moderate and secular forces on the one hand and radical Islamic forces on the other.
Ever since democracy was restored in Bangladesh in the early 1990s, the country has been marred by a deep distrust between the two main political parties – the Awami League (AL) and Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). This distrust stands in the way of strengthening democratic institutions, such as the Electoral Commission (EC). As a result the main opposition does not want to run for elections while the ruling party controls the EC and is demanding the formation of a neutral government to oversee the poll. This issue led to a logjam in 1995 and 2001 and the suspension of democratic processes between 2006 to 2008. When the Awami League government, led by Sheikh Hasina, came to power in 2008 with an overwhelming majority, it nullified the system of caretaker government despite opposition from rival political parties.

Unemployment problem in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a many national problems. Unemployment is one of them. Bangladesh is a small country with a large population. Due to huge population the government authority can not able to give a job for a person. In spite of having  many natural resources Bangladesh can not use them properly for lacking of skills. Before liberation war Bangladesh has less people but now the people are double. Still now maximum people are illiterate. And even after completing graduation more people never be skilled. It is a matter of great sorrow, although some people become skilled they go to abroad. so there is no man that he or she  will take proper step in this fields.    The present educational system is not fit for practical life. Professional and vocational training is absent in this system. Beside our students nourish a false sense of  self dignity. They are not keen to do manual labor. Rather they like to remain unemployed . There is no distribution of national wealth. It is also responsible for the problem. Some people think that everything is predestined by God. So, there is use of try. They like remain idle. The effects of unemployment problem are many. Drug addiction, kidnapping, snatching, traffic jam and various types of social crime result in unemployment. Economic depression is going to throughout the country. In the word, the country is lagging behind from all quarters for it. No prosperity is possible for it

Education problem in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh education sector is very weak. Educational authority still now inactive in this fields. In rural area 80% educational institution are commanded in very weak way. At first it should express that many schools add a teacher as their school commitee wish. And this proces in maximum time never truth.
This type of teacher can't able to teach the student properly. And the student suffer such kind of teacher's bad teaching.
 Bangladesh spends less than 3 percent of its GDP on the education sector. In our national budget for the year 2013, the education sector got the third largest allocation amounting to Tk.25, 114 crore of which Tk. 11,935.37 crore was set for the primary and mass education, and Tk.13, 179.23 crore for the education ministry. The budgetary allocation for education in our country is not adequate compared with those of other South Asian and developing countries that put education at the top of the policy agenda. More investment should be made to upgrade the infrastructure facilities. Teacher training must also be emphasized, with age-old methods of delivering only lectures replaced by classroom interaction. At all levels, teachers should be appointed based on merit and experience, and not on political consideration.

Populaion in Bangladesh are absorbed in corruption in many fields.

In Bangladesh corruption are available in many sectors. Because there is no enough job fields compare to graduated  people. Even in many cases job authority will compel to do corruption. To solve this problem our government should enhance job fields.

Bangladesh routinely finds itself among the most corrupt countries in the world, according to all major ranking institutions. The amendment of the Criminal Procedure Code Ordinance separated the judiciary from the executive branch of the government, securing the legal framework for an independent judiciary. Administrative efficiency of public services was improved drastically, and the(ACC) was reinforced as the main institutional watchdog. The Whistle-blower Protection Bill promises to conceal information providers' identities and to protect those who provide  information of different directories, departments and ministries. Once passed, the law will also help combat institutional corruption and ensure good governance. However, thet was amended and passed by Paliament in November 2013, weakening the ACC in the process. One provision of the amendment requires the ACC to seek permission from the government before investigating state officials.
However, companies should note progress against corruption has stalled and has perhaps regressed due to the unwillingness of the new government to curb the corruption rampant in public procurement, in tax and customs collection and in regulatory authorities. Companies report being subjected to costly and unnecessary licence and permit requirements, while e-governance is not yet developed in Bangladesh. Face-to-face encounters with public officials are therefore inevitable and facilitate the solicitation of Awards of public and private tenders are frequently marred by corruption allegations. Political leaders, who themselves are often actively involved in businesses, with bureaucrats in public contracting to beneficiate particular bidders at the expense of other investors, thereby creating an uneven playing field.

population explotation in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh population explotation is remarkable. Compare to another country Bangladesh has a great population. it is a great problem in our country.
Population explosion is one of the major problems in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a small populous country of the South Asia. Every year more than two million people are being added to our population. Population is growing so alarmingly that it has become a serious concern for all. In order to make the people conscious about the serious consequences of population growth, the world leaders have termed this problem as population explosion. This problem is likened to the serious situation of bomb explosion. For Bangladesh this problem is more serious. This is one of the smallest countries. But it has the highest density of population. Here, in each square kilometer 1700 men live. The main causes of high rate of population growth in Bangladesh are ignorance, superstition, early marriage and lack of female education. Over growth of population causes various problems like food problem, communication problem, educational problem, unemployment problem, residential problem, health problem, medical problem, sanitary problem, environmental problem and poverty. The Government can not ensure treatment, food, education, accommodation for the majority of the people. In order to meet the burgeoning need of housing, people have to suffer much. So, it is time we tried heart and soul to control the growth of population in order to save the country as well as the world from the serious consequences of population growth. Otherwise the whole Bangladesh nation will grope in the dark.

Over population's bad effect on job sector in Bangladesh

 Bangladesh has a great bad impact on job sector for over population. It is remarkable that in spite of making oneself graduated, many educated person don't get their desire job as their capacity. To solve this problem our authority will to take proper step. But it is not possible to  solve this problem completely. After that as far as possible our government will be very much active in this case. Because every educated person has a dream. But now in Bangladesh it has become a real dream that's mean there is no assurance to get a job to lead one's life. It's also true in Bangladesh that no poor student get his/ her job for corruption. Cutting a good figur in the interview they will become upset in job sector. So as a people of Bangladesh we all should be honest. And political leader should change their attitude.

Population Control in Bangladesh.

 

 

 

 

Population Control

Bangladesh is over populated country. For this over population we will to fall in trouble. From home to job field we will suffer it. So we should control population.
Bangladesh's working-age population was increasing almost 1.5 million per year in the 1980s. This rate of population growth kept the people poor and the country dependent on foreign aid. Population control and family planning, therefore, were a top priority of the government and social workers.
In the mid-1980s, there were indications that government and nongovernment agency efforts were beginning to pay off. Population growth had declined from 3 percent to 2.3 percent between 1961 and 1981. Contraceptive practices increased from 12.7 percent of eligible couples in 1979 to 25 percent in mid-1985. Of the methods available, sterilization was the most commonly sought in government plans through fiscal year 1990. A continuous demographic survey also showed a decline in fertility rates and an increase in the female marriage age. But undercutting this progress was the uneven application of the family planning program in rural areas, which constituted the most populous sections of the nation.
In 1985 there were reported only 3,716 family planning facilities in the country and a total of 15,619 family planning personnel, of whom 4,086 were male in a country where the females were traditionally reserved when discussing sexual matters with men. Even when they were physicians, men were reluctant to discuss sexual matters with women. From 1980 to 1985, only about 55 percent of national family planning goals were achieved. After all our authority should come forward.

Over population in Bangladesh

The case of Bangladesh may be considered as an example. More than 150 million people live in a small country like Bangladesh. Still some 380 new children are born everyday in this country. If this continues the population of the country will be doubled in 30 years. The wealth of the country is limited. So with the growth of population the want of the country is increasing.

This causes shortage of food, houses, clothing, education and medical facilities. Again the hungry and ailing children do not turn into manpower. They become menace to the society. They die from starvation. The government is to spend a lot of foreign exchange every year to import food for these hungry people. As a result, the economic plan of the country suffers much. So the people of the country must have small family to bring happiness and prosperity to them and to the state. If nothing positive is done to check the growth of population, serious food problem will be the result. And the prosperity of the country will not come if this problem is not satisfactorily solved.

The bangladeshi people are also in nutrition problem

Although child and maternal malnutrition has been reduced in Bangladesh, the prevalence of underweight (weight-for-age z-score <-2) among children aged less than five years is still high (41%). Nearly one-third of women are undernourished with body mass index of <18.5 kg/m². The prevalence of anaemia among young infants, adolescent girls, and pregnant women is still at unacceptable levels. Despite the successes in specific programmes, such as the Expanded Programme on Immunization and vitamin A supplementation, programmes for nutrition interventions are yet to be implemented at scale for reaching the entire population. Given the low annual rate of reduction in child undernutrition of 1.27 percentage points per year, it is unlikely that Bangladesh would be able to achieve the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goal to address undernutrition. This warrants that the policy-makers and programme managers think urgently about the ways to accelerate the progress. The Government, development partners, non-government organizations, and the academia have to work in concert to improve the coverage of basic and effective nutrition interventions, including exclusive breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding, supplementation of micronutrients to children, adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women, management of severe acute malnutrition and deworming, and hygiene interventions, coupled with those that address more structural causes and indirectly improve nutrition. The entire health system needs to be revitalized to overcome the constraints that exist at the levels of policy, governance, and service-delivery, and also for the creation of demand for the services at the household level. In addition, management of nutrition in the aftermath of natural disasters and stabilization of prices of foods should also be prioritized.

The life style of illiterate children in Bangladesh

Located in south Asia on the Ganges River delta, Bangladesh borders the Bay of Bengal, India and Myanmar. Around 155 million people live here, making it the 9th most populous countries in the world, and one of the most densely populated countries.
Bangladesh sits in one of the most disaster-prone areas of the world. Frequent cyclones and floods have killed thousands and impeded economic growth for decades.
About 45 percent of the population works in agriculture, growing rice, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes as well as other crops. Natural resources include arable land, coal, natural gas and timber.
Most of the population consider themselves Bengali. Bangla, often known as Bengali, is the official language. English is also spoken.
 World Vision is committed to partnering with the people of Bangladesh to improve their lives today and to help deliver sustainable solutions for the future of their children, families and communities. Our child sponsorship programme plays a vital role in this partnership, with donors from the United Kingdom sponsoring over 6,375 girls and boys (as of April 2014) across four community projects. In addition to sponsorship, World Vision operates other programmes that benefit communities in Bangladesh.

population and family pllaning in Bangladesh

Introduction: The family planning programme (FPP) in Bangladesh and its role in reducing the fertility rate in the country has been at the centre of much scholarly debate. The current contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) is 61%- double the rate observed in Pakistan, while the total fertility rate is 2.3 children per woman. This paper highlights both the supply-and demand-side factors explaining trends in contraceptive use over the last four decades. It identifies the challenges plaguing the programme today that range from funding and staffing deficiencies to bottlenecks in procurement processes.
Methodology: The paper uses secondary data sources such as Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2004 and 2011 to show Family Planning trends in Bangladesh and uses the Spectrum software to forecast trends for the year 2015.
Results: The central message is that the current contraceptive method mix, which is heavily biased towards temporary methods, cannot support a sustained decline in fertility. The authors\' projected estimates reveal that in order to achieve replacement-level fertility by 2016, users of long-acting and permanent methods would need to be increased by 8-9 million. Drawing on global experiences, the paper outlines greater flexibility in the use of funds and a regionally-targeted approach, among other options, that could be adopted to ensure that national population targets are met.
Keywords: Family planning program, Bangladesh, Contraceptive method mix, Long-acting and permanent methods, Contraceptive procurement, Population, Fertility.

Rationale and Methods

Although there is no dearth of literature on the demand-side aspects of family planning (FP) and fertility decline in Bangladesh, relatively little is known about the actual programme itself or the reasons behind the plateauing in the uptake of contraception during the 1990s. This paper starts off by providing the backdrop for the adoption of a national family planning programme (FPP) and explains the erratic nature of fertility decline since the1980s. The focus of the paper, however, is on the contraceptive methodmix in Bangladesh and supply-side aspects of the programme like staffing, procurement processes, and funding. We project (using SPECTRUM) the ideal method mix that is needed in order to achieve replacement-level fertility by 2016. The main section describing the national FPP is largely a desk review of published and unpublished literature spanning the programme\'s lifetime.
Background on Population and Family Planning
The latest 2011 census of Bangladesh estimates a population of 149 million for the country implying an increase of 19 million since the census of 2001. In 1901,the area that is now Bangladesh supported a population of roughly 25 million and population growth was negligible. By the late 20th century, due to a steep post-WWII mortality decline, population growth exploded, and by the beginning of the present century, at least a 100 million had been added.¹
Historically, Bangladeshi families had about seven children of whom less than 40%survived to adulthood to become parents themselves. This meant that only one son inherited the family land which, thus, was not divided. Following WWII, the crude death rate (CDR) fell by 50%in 15 years (40-20 deaths per 1,000 population), then again by 50% (20-10 deaths per 1,000 population) by the mid-1970s. The consequence was that child survival improved significantly such that five children per family reached adulthood, which had major implications for land inheritance and a rapid fragmentation of family landholdings.
The national FPP was initiated as a response to this rapid population growth, and fertility has been falling rapidly since the early 1980s.This fall has not been steady or even. The 1980s saw a steep decline in total fertility rate (TFR) from 6.5 to 3.3 by the early 1990s. This was followed by a decade-long plateau which was the consequence of a \'tempo effect.² The adoption of FP by Bangladeshi couples has always been after the first birth. The age at marriage did not change and there was no delay in age at first birth, and as such, no tempo effect was operating on first births. The 2004 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) showed the first nine percent reduction in fertility (TFR of 3.3 to 3.0) for a decade. The 2011 BDHS confirmed a further decline in TFR to 2.3 children per woman. Now, however, fertility levels are quite uneven - remarkably low in the west of the country (below replacement, on average) and worryingly high in the east (up to 1.5 children above replacement).
In order to attain any of the reasonable population estimates projected for mid-century (which range from 194 to 222 million)³ a substantial increase in the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) will be required in the next five years, and a CPR level in the order of 75% (mostly modern methods) by 2020. This target could theoretically be achieved if all current unmet need for FP (12% in 2011) were to be met.

Future population growth

There are a number of factors which influence future population growth. Bangladesh has considerable built-in population momentum because of high fertility in the past, and even with reduced fertility, many young women will pass through reproductive ages over the coming decades. For example, during the first decade of the 20th century, the number of women of reproductive age increased from around 32 million to 41 million as the children born in the higher fertility 1970s and early 1980s entered their childbearing years, according to UN estimates. This trend will continue for several decades.
There needs to be a demand for fertility limitation in order to reduce fertility in a non-coercive environment. The perceived value of children has long been recognized as being a determinant of desired family size.⁴ Historical demographic experience suggests that as recent investments in female primary and secondary education in Bangladesh manifest themselves in improved opportunities for formal sector employment for young women, parents will tend to favour smaller families, investing more per child in education-quality versus quantity. This trend will also be influenced by the saturation of the rural labour force and the fragmentation of agricultural land holdings such that there will be deceasing employment opportunities for unskilled workers.
Current status of the family planning programme
Bangladesh is unique in terms of having a large non-government organization (NGO) sector presence. While various donor partners have supported the national FPP since its inception, the country has also benefitted from the research and technical support of local NGOs. The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) works closely with the government and has been instrumental in shaping the health programme over the years. A number of interventions, including FP integration with mother and child health (MCH), were tried and tested by ICDDR, before being incorporated in the national programme. Other NGOs, notably BRAC, Bangladesh, have provided extensive reproductive health services in urban Bangladesh where public health infrastructure is limited. One of the largest non-government FP-MCH service delivery projects is the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded NGO Service Delivery Programme which serves a catchment population of 20 million. These NGOs work in partnership with the government in the provision of FP-MCH services.
Under the Directorate of Family Planning, the success of the Bangladesh FPP has been based since the 1970s primarily on a nationwide rural network of female fieldworkers called family welfare assistants (FWAs) who have been providing outreach services to couples, particularly married women with limited mobility outside the home or compound (bari). These FWAs were usually all married women, only moderately educated, and had a work schedule where they visited each of the houses in their coverage units every two months.
The outreach approach largely explains the contraceptive method mix; oral pills have always been the predominant method, currently accounting for almost half of all users. Condom use remains low, though serving a useful purpose, sometimes complementing other methods. The provision of clinical services like intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs), injectables, or permanent methods require referral to higher-level staff, such as family welfare visitors (FWVs), and for some methods, clinical staff of the Directorate of Health.
The CPR has increased eightfold over the last four decades to 61.2%, in 2011.⁵ This is equal to about 25 million of 41 million eligible couples. The trend line for CPR suggests a plateau in 2004 when the level of injectables users fell by three percent in the BDHS 2007 due to a nationwide stock-out. The downturn in CPR recovered in 2007 when supplies became available again in 2008.⁶
There is wide recognition that to achieve replacement fertility or below, a much greater proportion of eligible couples will need to be using long-term and permanent methods. With the average age at marriage for women (apparently7) still well below the legal minimum age of 18 years, many women have completed their childbearing by their mid- to late 20s. This leaves them with 20 years or so of reproductive life to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancies.

The growth rate of population in bangladesh.

The present growth rate of population in Bangladesh is decreasing. It is a good news to us. Due to taking hard steps from our authority it has been possible. And now current people of Bangladesh are  aware about this problem. If we also remain cautious in future i think we will be able to keep our population growth rate under Control. Specially we should make rural people very much aware about this problem.